Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in E. coli

E. coli have protective factors using long lipopolysaccharides on the outer membrane of the cell. Some of the genes that code for this are rfaC, rfaD, and rfaE, and the proteins they encode for produce enzymes that can make the LPS. So, the genes were transformed into wild-type E. coli. This process involved PCR, gel electrophoresis, gel extraction and purification, purifying plasmid, restriction enzyme digest, ligation reaction, transformation via electroporation, and checking results using plate streaking with TolC and LPS Specific Bacteriophage.